Kachemak Bay, Alaska: An Exploration of People and Place
Where are We?
Who are We?
What are the Dynamic Forces that Shape Our Place?
How Have We Survived?
Subsistence Hunting
Commuter Crows
Fishing
What are the Challenges of Living Here?
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Harbor Seals

Bronze sculpture of sunbathing seal
The Sunbather
by Marian Beck

Graceful and efficient swimmers, harbor seals are well fitted for life at sea. They use hind flippers for propulsion and fore flippers as steering rudders. Insulated against the briny deep, seals are wrapped in thick blankets of fat. Blubber accounts for up to 25-50 percent of a seal's weight.

Large, liquid eyes can peer through night's low light and dark, deep water. Ultra sensitive inner ears help harbor seals pick up sounds from all directions underwater. An acute sense of smell allows them to single out their pups from a crowd of other pups on rocky haul outs.


Able to dive to depths exceeding 600 feet, harbor seals conserve oxygen through remarkable adaptations - oxygen-enriched muscles, slowed heart rates, and reduced peripheral circulation.

They pup in the summer when food is plentiful. Young pups swim almost immediately after birth.

Harbor seal pup
Harbor Seal Pup
Photo by Scott Dickerson


Map showing Harbor Seal Range in southern coastal Alaska
Although their range remains the same, seal populations have declined in coastal Alaska.
Data collected by K. Pitcher and L. Jemison, Alaska Department of Fish and Game


I couldn't get enough sealskins from home [to build a qayak] because we are losing a lot of our seals. They are declining at 6% a year. I belong to the Harbor Seal Commission and I work with them trying to figure out what's causing it.
-Nick Tanape, Sr.

Harbor Seal fur
Harbor Seal Fur
Pratt Museum Photo Archives

Shifting Grounds

Despite clever adaptations, current scientific research shows an alarming decline in harbor seal populations since the 1960s, especially in southcentral Alaska.

Villagers from Nanwalek and Port Graham traditionally included the islands and shorelines inside Kachemak Bay as part of their hunting grounds. With recreational cabins springing up on the south shore and kayak-paddling sightseers bobbing in calm waters, Native hunting areas are dwindling along with the seal populations.

Harbor Seal Population Decline on Tugidak Island, Kodiak
Studies in Kodiak document the decline of seal populations in southcentral Alaska.
Data collected by K. Pitcher and L. Jemison, Alaska Department of Fish and Game

 

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