Kachemak Bay, Alaska: An Exploration of People and Place

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Who are We?
What are the Dynamic Forces that Shape Our Place?
Volcanoes
Tides, Winds, Weather
Earthquakes
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The Good Friday Earthquake

Building floating in the ocean Flooded Seldovia harbor Map showing recent seismic activity
Photo Gallery Recent Earthquakes


Sunken Shores of Kachemak Bay

Friday, March 27, 1964, a massive earthquake triggered a natural disaster that would change Seldovia, on the southern shore of Kachemak Bay, forever.

The Good Friday Earthquake, 9.2 on the Moment Magnitude Scale, was the strongest ever recorded in North America. The epicenter was in Valdez, less than 200 miles east of Kachemak Bay. The King Kong of tectonics, it lifted and dropped land and triggered giant ocean waves that hit as far away as Hawaii, Japan, and Antarctica. Roads buckled, waterfronts toppled, houses flopped. Worldwide, 115 people lost their lives.

Although no lives were lost in Seldovia, land sank five feet, rearranging the face and economy of Kachemak Bay's largest south shore town forever. High tides flooded the town's trademark boardwalk. Since 1910, this artery of canneries, shops, and houses lined the sea front. Awash, businesses drilled holes in their floors to drain seawater. Sandbags, hip boots, and moves to second stories were only stopgaps against the reality of high tides and constant floods. Nearly 80% of Seldovia's commercial and industrial activities were threatened. Months later, winter storms joined high tides to pound the waterfront. The town had to be rebuilt.

Earthquake epicenter at Valdez and area of damage
Epicenter Key
Earthquake Epicenter
U.S. Geological Survey
View Full Epicenter Map
This time the motion was up and down, violent, like a pogo stick with a 600-pound gorilla riding it. It wasn't until daylight the next day we could see it had destroyed our brand new small boat harbor, and it wasn't until April and the spring tides that we realized the land had dropped five feet.
-Dana Stabenow, talking of her 12th birthday in Seldovia

Homer Spit

Homer spit is wider and bigger before earthquake
Homer Spit 1952
William Wakeland Collection,
Pratt Museum Photo Archives

Homer spit is thinner and smaller after the earthquake
Homer Spit mid-1970s
Courtesy of Dames & Moore
Before the 1960s, the Spit was carpeted with grassy fields, seacoast flowers, and a grove of mature spruce called Green Timbers. This was a favorite picnic spot and campground. Common eiders nested in great tangles of driftwood and plovers laid eggs on undisturbed tidelands. Domestic horses were turned out to winter on the grasslands.

Structures clustered on the tip of the 4½-mile-long sand and gravel spit. The small dock and few buildings reflected that the Spit had not yet become a commercial center.

In the 1964 earthquake, the Spit sank six feet, losing much of its area to the sea. Land was dredged to create a new boat harbor and later a public fishing hole. Fill created additional land for industrial activities such as a timber chip facility. Most wildflowers and nesting birds disappeared following land subsidence and advancing development. To protect remaining bird habitat, Mud Bay and Mariner Park were designated conservation areas.

 

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Image Credits: Flooded Seldovia Courtesy of Army Corps of Engineers;
Floating Building Courtesy of Pratt Museum Photo Archives;
Recent Earthquakes Courtesy of Alaska Earthquake Information Center
Web site created by Elizabeth Kanter